New research shows reporting sexism is difficult for paramedics, and outcomes are often “inadequate”.

A review of 13 previous studies and articles on sexism within paramedicine reveals that many women are deterred from reporting due to concerns about post-complaint treatment.

It found several barriers, including inconsistent definitions of sexist behaviors such as sexual assault and harassment, and a lack of literature treating sexism as an independent issue. 

The reporting experiences were predominantly negative, with victims finding outcomes unsatisfactory in almost every case. 

Themes emerging from the discussion shed light on the increased reporting of sexism in contemporary media and external factors that discourage reporting within paramedicine.

The study suggests that recent online activism, the Women's March for Justice, and the #MeToo movement have raised awareness of sexism in paramedicine. 

Women have started sharing their workplace concerns with the media after years of unreported complaints and ineffective formal reports within Australian ambulance services. 

This led to an independent review of Ambulance Victoria in 2021 to investigate allegations of sexual assault, harassment, and inadequate reporting procedures. The surge in media interest and awareness explains the timing of many included studies.

However, inconsistent legal definitions of sexism, sexual assault, and sexual harassment across Australian states and in the literature create confusion. 

For example, different states use varying terms for similar offences, making it challenging for women to report accurately. 

The lack of clear definitions may lead to victims second-guessing their experiences, discouraging formal reports. Defining these behaviours within the literature is crucial for accurate reporting and recognition.

Additionally, the study shows that reporting sexual assault and harassment is often stigmatised and associated with fear and shame. 

In the paramedicine environment, additional barriers include victimisation, normalisation of behaviours, fear of retribution, and concerns about career repercussions. 

Victims may hesitate to report, fearing a lack of confidentiality and potential backlash, especially when the perpetrator holds a prominent position. 

The experts say that exploring the establishment of an independent third-party reporting agency with strict guidelines could mitigate these issues.

The study shows that a safe and supportive reporting environment is vital for addressing sexism, but the current culture in Australian paramedicine falls short. 

Most articles did not provide data on the follow-up of reports, and when outcomes were reported, they were overwhelmingly negative. 

Barriers such as retribution, victim labelling, and further victimisation post-report contribute to this negativity. 

The full study is accessible here.